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06-13-2010, 02:48 AM
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(Beijing National Stadium ( Beijing , China  Full name national Stadium Location Beijing, China Broke ground 24 December 2003 Opened 28 June 2008 Surface Grass Construction cost $423 million[1] Architect Herzog & de Meuron[2] ArupSport China Architectural Design & Research Group Ai Weiwei (Artistic consultant) Structural engineer Arup[2] Capacity 80,000 91,000 (2008 Olympics)[3] Design and Construction "Beijing national stadium was a joint venture among architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron of Herzog & de Meuron, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and CADG which was lead by chief architect Li Xinggang.[1] During their first meeting in 2003, at Basel, the group decided to do something unlike Herzog and de Meuron had traditionally designed. "China wanted to have something new for this very important stadium," Li stated.[1] In an effort to design a stadium that was "porous" while also being "a collective building, a public vessel",[10] the team studied Chinese ceramics.[11] This line of thought brought the team to the "nest scheme".[10] The stadium consists of two independent structures, standing 50 feet apart:[2] a red concrete seating bowl and the outer steel frame around it.[10] In an attempt to hide steel supports for the retractable roof, required in the bidding process, the team developed the "seemingly random additional steel" to blend the supports into the rest of the stadium.[10] Twenty-four trussed columns encase the inner bowl,[12] each one weighing 1,000 tons.[7] Despite random appearance, each half of the stadium is nearly identical.[13] After a collapse of a roof at the Charles de Gaulle International Airport,[7] beijing reviewed all major projects. It was decided to eliminate the retractable roof, the original inspiration for the "nest" design,[7] as well as 9,000 seats from the design.[13] The removal of the elements helped to bring the project under the reduced construction budget of $290 million, from an original $500 million.[7] With the removal of the retractable roof, the building was lightened, which helped it stand up to seismic activity; however, the upper section of the roof was altered to protect fans from weather.[13] Due to the stadium's outward appearance, it was nicknamed "The Bird's Nest". The phrase was first used by Herzog & de Meuron, though the pair still believes "there should be many ways of perceiving a building."[10] The use is a compliment Li explained, "In China, a bird's nest is very expensive, something you eat on special occasions."[7] Ground was broken, at the Olympic Green,[14] for beijing national stadium on 24 December 2003.[15] At its height, 17,000 construction workers worked on the stadium.[16] In January 2008, The Times reported that 10 workers had died throughout construction; despite denial from the Chinese government.[17] However, in a story the following week, Reuters, with the support of the Chinese government, reported that only two workers had died.[16] All 110,000 tons of steel were made in China,[18] making the stadium the largest steel structure in the world.[5] On 14 May 2008, the grass field of 7,811 square meters was laid in 24 hours.[19] beijing national stadium officially opened at a ceremony on 28 June 2008.[20] ودى صور للمبنى  The Olympic Stadium, Beijing, under construction in Sept 2007 "  A bird's eye view  A night shot  The exterior  Seating bowl  The lobby  View from the plinth "  The shopping center in the stadium  Entrance to the shopping center  The green area  A bird's eye view of the Olympic Green  وده وقت الفيديو نظرة عامة على المبنى [youtube]يوضح طريقة البناء [youtube] فيديو للعمال أثناء العمل [youtube]يوضح ميكانيكية المبنى وأقطاره [youtube] المصدر: اكاديمية العبور | معهد العبور (Beijing National Stadium ( Beijing < China beijing china national stadium | ||||||||||||
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06-13-2010, 08:29 AM
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رد: (Beijing National Stadium ( Beijing , China
تسلم ايدك بجد .. تحفه تحفه تحفه
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 She took your picture to the stars above And they told her it is true She could dare to fall in love with you So don't make her blue when she writes to you From Sarah with love |
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06-13-2010, 03:34 PM
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رد: (Beijing National Stadium ( Beijing , China
رووووووووووعه تسلم ايدك
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| Live Uploader Or Die User راقب افكارك لانها ستصبح افعال .. راقب افعالك لانها ستصبح عادات .. راقب عاداتك لانها ستصبح طباع .. راقب طباعك لانها ستحدد مصيرك Karim Mohamed  |
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